Arsenic uptake and accumulation in plants

Arsenic uptake by plants is species-specific and its level in terrestrial of uncontaminated sites ranged from 0.009 to 1.5 mg/kg. Plants with high metal or metalloid capability their biomass are called hyperaccumulators. The most efficient arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator belongs Pteridaceae species Pteris vittata L. Pityrogramma calomelanos L., both can accumulate more than 8000 mg/kg As above-ground parts. Higher concentrations interfere various metabolic activities manifest through several morphological impairments. A higher concentration accelerates the production free radicals reactive oxygen (ROS) within cell. have a scavenging system regulate ROS; also known as antioxidant defence system. mechanism consists an enzymatic non-enzymatic Non-enzymatic includes carotenoids, ascorbic acid, glutathione whereas comprises superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol reductase.